PERFORMANCE AND RESILIENCE ANALYSIS OF GRE OVER IPSEC TUNNELS IN DYNAMIC ROUTING NETWORKS

Abstract

This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of Generic Routing Encapsulation over Internet Protocol Security tunnels in dynamic routing networks. The study is motivated by the need to provide secure inter site connectivity while preserving support for dynamic route exchange between remote network segments. A laboratory topology is developed to examine the behavior of the proposed tunnel architecture under normal operation and during network failures. The evaluation focuses on key indicators including throughput, delay, jitter, packet loss, and routing convergence time. In addition, resilience is assessed through controlled disruption and recovery scenarios in order to measure tunnel stability, service continuity, and network reconvergence. The results are used to analyze the balance between secure communication and the performance impact introduced by encapsulation and tunnel protection. Particular attention is given to the practical suitability of this approach for distributed networks that require both protected traffic transmission and flexible routing operation. The study shows that GRE over IPsec remains an effective solution for secure dynamic routing environments when performance limitations and recovery characteristics are properly considered in network design and deployment.