MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SAFE VEHICLE–PEDESTRIAN DISTANCE WITH INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.68302/std2026.vol2.164

Keywords:

mathematical modeling, MATLAB, safe distance, traffic safety, vehicle–pedestrian interaction

Abstract

Pedestrian safety in road traffic is a critical factor for reducing traffic accidents. A key parameter determining safety is the safe distance between a vehicle and a pedestrian, ensuring timely stopping without collision. This study proposes a mathematical model for calculating the safe distance based on vehicle speed, pedestrian speed, and the distance traveled by the pedestrian. An interactive MATLAB-based tool is developed to visualize the model and analyze different scenarios in real time. The proposed approach is applicable in traffic safety analysis, accident reconstruction, and engineering evaluation. The model is extended to include driver reaction time and practical engineering applications.

Supporting Agencies

No external funding.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] D. C. Gazis, Traffic Theory. Springer, 2002.

[2] R. Rajamani, Vehicle Dynamics and Control, 2nd ed. Springer, 2012.

[3] S. Li, Y. Wang, and J. Zhao, “Pedestrian Collision Avoidance Systems Based on Vehicle–Pedestrian Interaction Modeling,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 45231–45245, 2023.

[4] A. Rasouli and J. K. Tsotsos, “Autonomous Vehicles That Interact With Pedestrians: A Survey of Theory and Practice,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 900–918, 2020.

[5] M. R. Islam and H. Alhajyaseen, “Modeling Driver Reaction Time and Stopping Distance in Urban Traffic Environments,” Transportation Research Record, vol. 2677, no. 4, pp. 125–137, 2023.

[6] J. Lee and B. Park, “Safe Distance Estimation for Vehicle–Pedestrian Conflict Prevention Using Real-Time Motion Prediction,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1–18, 2024.

[7] H. Winner, S. Hakuli, F. Lotz, and C. Singer, Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems, Springer, 2022.

[8] T. D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics. SAE, 1992

[9] Y. Feng, C. Yu, and H. X. Liu, “Trajectory-Based Pedestrian Safety Analysis at Urban Intersections,” Transportation Research Part C, vol. 152, 2023.

[10] Y. Feng, C. Yu, and H. X. Liu, “Trajectory-Based Pedestrian Safety Analysis at Urban Intersections,” Transportation Research Part C, vol. 152, 2023.

[11] P. Morando, Q. Tian, L. Truong, and H. Vu, “Studying the Safety Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Using Simulation-Based Approaches,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 144, 2020.

[12] MathWorks, MATLAB Documentation: Interactive App Design and Visualization, Natick, MA, USA, 2024. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/

[13] World Health Organization, Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2023.

[14] European Commission, Road Safety in the European Union – Trends, Statistics and Main Challenges, Brussels, Belgium, 2024.

[15] N. Kalra and S. M. Paddock, “Driving to Safety: How Many Miles of Driving Would It Take to Demonstrate Autonomous Vehicle Reliability?” Transportation Research Part A, vol. 94, pp. 182–193, 2021.

Downloads

Published

17.09.2026

How to Cite

[1]
Y. Petrov and L. Staneva, “MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SAFE VEHICLE–PEDESTRIAN DISTANCE WITH INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION”, SysTechDev, vol. 2, pp. 223–227, Sep. 2026, doi: 10.68302/std2026.vol2.164.